黑洞不仅吞噬物质，也能成为宇宙中的“加速器”。
靠近黑洞的物质在强引力和高速旋转下形成高温吸积盘，盘内等离子体与磁场耦合，通过磁流体动力学过程将能量传递并定向形成喷流。
旋转黑洞可以通过Blandford–Znajek机制把自旋能量抽取出来，沿磁场线把电子和离子加速到接近光速；彭罗斯（Penrose）过程则允许粒子在黑洞周围动力学交换能量后被抛射出更高能量。
除此之外，湍流与冲击波中发生的费米加速也能多次提升粒子能量，产生广谱的高能辐射。
观测上，活动星系核与类星体的长距离相对论性喷流、M87中心喷流以及事件视界望远镜拍到的黑洞影像，都为这些加速机制提供了证据。
研究黑洞加速不仅有助于解释超高能宇宙射线的来源，也为在极端场强与相对论条件下检验磁流体物理和粒子加速理论提供了天然实验室。
未来更高灵敏度和分辨率的射电、X射线及伽马射线观测，将进一步揭示黑洞如何将引力、旋转与磁场协同作用，把粒子推向宇宙能量极限。
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